Mitosis
Interphase; Prepares for cell division
Prophase; Seperates genetic material to make 2 daughter cells
Metaphase; Nucleus disolves and chromosomes condense
Anaphase; Chromatids break apart and chromosomes move to ends of cell.
Telophase; Duplicated genetic material seperates
Meiosis
Prophase I; Chromatin condenses to make chromosomes
Metaphase I; Cell division
Anaphase I; Homolougus chromosomes seperate
Telophase I; Cytoplasm divides and chromosomes reach poles
Prophase II; Chromosomes condense again in the two cells
Metaphase II; Centronomes align
Anaphase II; Chromosomes split at the centronome
Telophase II; Chromosomes gather at 2 poles
Vocab
Prophase- Separates genetic material to make 2 daughter cells
Metaphase- Nucleus dissolves and chromosomes condense
Telophase-Duplicated Genetic material separates
Anaphase-Chromatids break apart and chromosomes move to ends of the cell.
2 daughter cells- A cell divides to form this
Somatic cells-any cell in a multicellular organism that forms the body, excluding reproductive cells.
Centrioles-cylindrical organelle found in animal cells, composed of nine sets of microtubule triplets arranged in a circular pattern.
Spindle fibers-protein structure, primarily composed of microtubules, that forms during cell division and is responsible for separating and accurately distributing chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
Chromatids-one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
Centromere-a specialized region on a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached to each other.
Chromosomes-a thread-like structure located within the nucleus of a cell, composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins, which carries genetic information in the form of genes, passed from parents to offspring.
Diploid- Two complete sets of chromosomes
Meiosis Interphase-DNA chromosomes is replicated
Prophase I-the complex of DNA and protein known as chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.
Metaphase I cell division
Anaphase I homologous chromosomes separate
Telophase I -the cytoplasm divides unequally, creating a larger daughter cell and a smaller polar body and chromosomes reach poles 2 cells - haploid gametes (the sperm and the egg)
Prophase II-In each of the daughter cells, a new spindle apparatus forms, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the chromatin condenses into chromosomes again Metaphase II-the centromeres of the paired chromatids align along the equatorial plate in both cells.
Anaphase II-The chromatids split at the centromere and migrate along the spindle fibers to opposite poles.
Telophase II-The chromosomes gather at the 2 poles of the cell and the cell divides via cytokinesis forming 2 daughter cells (1n 1c) from each of the two cells from meiosis I.
4 daughter cells-a single parent cell undergoes two rounds of division during the process, creating four separate haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Gametes-reproductive cells
Daughter cells-four daughter cells that are haploid,
Homologous-similar structure
Chromosomes (Paired X’s)-sex cells
Haploid (N)- the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells
Chromatids-two thread-like strands